Dispersal and emerging ecological impacts of Ponto-Caspian species in the Laurentian Great Lakes1

نویسندگان

  • Henry A. Vanderploeg
  • Thomas F. Nalepa
  • David J. Jude
  • Edward L. Mills
  • Kristen T. Holeck
  • James R. Liebig
  • Igor A. Grigorovich
  • Henn Ojaveer
چکیده

We describe, explain, and “predict” dispersal and ecosystem impacts of six Ponto-Caspian endemic species that recently invaded the Great Lakes via ballast water. The zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, and quagga mussel, Dreissena bugensis, continue to colonize hard and soft substrates of the Great Lakes and are changing ecosystem function through mechanisms of ecosystem engineering (increased water clarity and reef building), fouling native mussels, high particle filtration rate with selective rejection of colonial cyanobacteria in pseudofeces, alteration of nutrient ratios, and facilitation of the rapid spread of their Ponto-Caspian associates, the benthic amphipod Echinogammarus ischnus and the round goby, Neogobius melanostomus, which feeds on zebra mussels. The tubenose goby, Proterorhinus marmoratus, which does not feed on zebra mussels, has not spread rapidly. Impacts of these benthic invaders vary with site: in some shallow areas, habitat changes and the Dreissena → round goby → piscivore food chain have improved conditions for certain native game fishes and waterfowl; in offshore waters, Dreissena is competing for settling algae with the native amphipod Diporeia spp., which are disappearing to the detriment of the native deep-water fish community. The predatory cladoceran Cercopagis pengoi may compete with small fishes for zooplankton and increase food-chain length. Résumé : Notre travail décrit et explique la dispersion de six espèces endémiques de la région pontocaspienne qui ont récemment envahi les Grands-Lacs via l’eau de ballastage, ainsi que leur impact sur l’écosystème; nous formulons aussi des prédictions. La moule zébrée, Dreissena polymorpha, et la moule quagga, Dreissena bugensis, continuent de coloniser les substrats durs et mous des Grands-Lacs et de modifier le fonctionnement de l’écosystème par des transformations physiques du biotope (accroissement de la transparence de l’eau et construction de récifs), par l’encrassement des moules indigènes, par un taux élevé de filtration de particules et un rejet sélectif des colonies de cyanobactéries dans leurs pseudofèces, par la perturbation des rapports des nutriments et par la facilitation de la dispersion rapide d’espèces associées également d’origine pontocaspienne, l’amphipode benthique Echinogammarus ischnus et le gobie à taches noires, Neogobius melanostomus, qui se nourrit de moules zébrées. Le gobie à nez tubulaire, Proterorhinus marmoratus, qui ne se nourrit pas de moules zébrées, a une dispersion moins rapide. L’impact de ces espèces envahissantes varie d’un site à un autre; dans quelques régions d’eau peu profonde, les modifications de l’habitat et la chaîne alimentaire Dreissena → gobie à taches noires → piscivores améliorent les conditions d’existence de certains poissons indigènes d’intérêt sportif et celles de la sauvagine; dans les eaux du large, Dreissena entre en compétition pour les algues en sédimentation avec les amphipodes indigènes Diporeia spp., qui sont en voie de disparition, et cela au détriment de la communauté de poissons indigènes d’eau profonde. Le cladocère prédateur Cercopagis pengoi entre peut-être en compétition avec les petits poissons pour le zooplancton et allonge ainsi la chaîne alimentaire. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Vanderploeg et al. 1228 Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 59: 1209–1228 (2002) DOI: 10.1139/F02-087 © 2002 NRC Canada 1209 Received 21 November 2000. Accepted 27 March 2002. Published on the NRC Research Press Web site at http://cjfas.nrc.ca on 13 August 2002. J16093 H.A. Vanderploeg,2 T.F. Nalepa, and J.R. Liebig. Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, NOAA, 2205 Commonwealth Boulevard, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, U.S.A. D.J. Jude. Center for Great Lakes and Aquatic Sciences, 501 East University Drive, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1090, U.S.A. E.L. Mills and K.T. Holeck. Cornell Biological Field Station, 900 Shackelton Point Road, Bridgeport, NY 13030, U.S.A. I.A. Grigorovich. Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. Henn Ojaveer. Estonian Marine Institute, Viljandi Rd. 18b, 11216 Tallinn, Estonia. 1From the series “Biological invasions of aquatic habitats in Europe and the Great Lakes”. 2Corresponding author (e-mail: [email protected]). J:\cjfas\cjfas59\cjfas5907\F02-087.vp Thursday, August 08, 2002 3:37:09 PM Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen

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تاریخ انتشار 2002